ABSTRACT
In this study, avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), avian metapneumovirus (AMPV), and avian reovirus (ARV) were evaluated in broiler and layer flocks. For this purpose, tracheal swabs from 48 broiler and 45 layer flocks with respiratory signs were inoculated SPF embryonated chicken eggs for virus isolation. The viruses were identified by real-time PCR. Results showed that the most common virus in both broiler and layer farms was IBV with incidence rates of 58.33% and 46.67%, respectively. ILTV, AMPV, and ARV incidences in the samples were found to be 22.22%, 13.33%, and 4.44% in layer flocks while 2.08%, 8.33%, and 20.83% in broilers, respectively. The numbers of IBV+AMPV and IBV+ARV coinfections were 5 (11.11%) and 1 (2.22%) in layers, whereas, 1 (2.08%) and 5 (10.42%) broilers, respectively. In addition, 2 broiler flocks (4.17%) had triple infection with IBV, AMPV, and ARV. ILTV was detected always alone from the samples of layer and broiler flocks. Sequencing of S1 gene of selected IBV TR/L45 and TR/B42 isolates showed similarities with IS/1494/06 (HM131453) at the rates of 98.98% and 99.69%, respectively, while TR/L37, TR/L38, and TR/L39 isolates were identical to 4/91 (KF377577) vaccine strain at the rates of 99.01%, 99.01%, and 98.76%, respectively. Sequencing analysis of the ICP4 and TK genes of ILTV isolates revealed that they were all field strains with low virulence. The present data represent actual information on the genotypes of IBV and ILTV circulating in poultry flocks in Turkiye.
ABSTRACT
Background: Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and infectious bronchitis (IB) are two common respiratory diseases of poultry that inflict great economic burden on the poultry industry. Developing an effective agent against both viruses is a crucial step to decrease the economic losses. Therefore, for the first time green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Cyperus rotundus L. aqueous extract was evaluated in vitro as a potential antiviral against both viruses. Results: Silver nanoparticles from Cyperus rotundus were characterized by the spherical shape, 11-19 nm size, and zeta potential of - 6.04 mV. The maximum nontoxic concentration (MNTC) was 50 mu g mL(-1 )for both viruses without harmful toxicity impact. The study suggested that some of the compounds in C. rotundus extract (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and naringenin) or its silver nanoparticles could interact with the external envelope proteins of both viruses, and inhibiting extracellular viruses. Conclusions: The results highlight that C. rotundus green synthesized silver nanoparticles could have antiviral activity against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens.
ABSTRACT
In this study, specific primers and fluorescent probes were designed to target the thymidine kinase (TK) gene sequence of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). Through specificity and sensitivity tests, a real-time fluorescence-based recombinase-aided amplification (RF-RAA) method for detecting ILTV was established. The results showed that the method was specific and could be used to accurately detect ILTV, and there was no cross-reaction with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), avian influenza virus (AIV), or infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Real-time fluorescence-based recombinase-aided amplification had high sensitivity, and the lowest detectable limit (LDL) for ILTV could reach 10 copies/µL, 1,000 times more sensitive than conventional PCR (104 copies/µL), to rival that of real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (RFQ-PCR) (10 copies/µL). This method and RFQ-PCR were used to detect 96 samples of chicken throat swabs with ILT initially diagnosed in clinic from the north of China, and the coincidence rate of the 2 methods was 100%. The RF-RAA reaction required only 20-30 minutes to completing, and its sensitivity was much higher than that of conventional PCR. Real-time fluorescence-based recombinase-aided amplification is similar to RFQ-PCR and has the advantages of specificity, sensitivity, and high efficiency, so it is suitable for early clinical detection and epidemiological investigation of ILTV.